占者姓名： 出身地点： 今年虚岁：29岁
性别：女 国际易经网 www.iqing.net 线上排盘系统
阳历：1978年11月4日19时35分 阴历：戊午年(天上火)十月初四日戌时
偏印 食神 日元 偏官
坤造：戊午 壬戌 庚午 丙戌 (戌亥空)
丁正官 辛劫财 丁正官 辛劫财
己正印 丁正官 己正印 丁正官
戊偏印 戊偏印
神煞：太乙贵人 金舆贵人 太乙贵人 金舆贵人
福星贵人 华盖 福星贵人 华盖
将星 太极贵人 将星 太极贵人
羊刃 羊刃 天德贵人
月德贵人
寒露：公历1978年10月8日23时31分 立冬：公历1978年11月8日2时34分
起运：命主于出生后8年11个月又10天8小时起运
交运：命主于公历1987年10月15日3时交运
劫财 比肩 正印 偏印 正官 偏官 正财 偏财
大运：辛酉 庚申 己未 戊午 丁巳 丙辰 乙卯 甲寅
09岁 19岁 29岁 39岁 49岁 59岁 69岁 79岁
始于：1987 1997 2007 2017 2027 2037 2047 2057
流年：丁卯 丁丑 丁亥 丁酉 丁未 丁巳 丁卯 丁丑
戊辰 戊寅 戊子 戊戌 戊申 戊午 戊辰 戊寅
己巳 己卯 己丑 己亥 己酉 己未 己巳 己卯
庚午 庚辰 庚寅 庚子 庚戌 庚申 庚午 庚辰
辛未 辛巳 辛卯 辛丑 辛亥 辛酉 辛未 辛巳
壬申 壬午 壬辰 壬寅 壬子 壬戌 壬申 壬午
癸酉 癸未 癸巳 癸卯 癸丑 癸亥 癸酉 癸未
甲戌 甲申 甲午 甲辰 甲寅 甲子 甲戌 甲申
乙亥 乙酉 乙未 乙巳 乙卯 乙丑 乙亥 乙酉
丙子 丙戌 丙申 丙午 丙辰 丙寅 丙子 丙戌
止于：1996 2006 2016 2026 2036 2046 2056 2066
Parts Required
I used the following bits and pieces:
我用了以下的点点滴滴：
- 123x123mm square section of blank PCB
- 123x123平方MM的一片空白印刷电路板
- 50mm length of 1/2" copper pipe
- 50MM长的1/2"铜管
- short length of CNT-400 or LMR-400 low loss coax (~300mm long)
- 一小段CNT-400 或者 LMR-400低电阻电缆（3MM长）
- 250mm of 2.5mm2 copper wire (approx 1.5mm diameter)
- 250MM之2.5平方MM的铜线（直径大约1.5MM）
- N connector
- N连接器
Note that you don't have to use blank PCB for the reflector. You can use any material that's electrically conductive, can be electrically connected to the coax braid, and will reflect microwaves (ie, any metal plate will do fine).
这里说明一下，反射器并不是一定需要用到那种空白的印刷电路板。只要能够接通任何导电的原材料都可以替代。
I've also heard of people using CDROM as the reflector, as the foil on it will certainly reflect microwaves.
我甚至听说有人使用CD光盘来当作反射器，由于它的金属薄片一样能够反射微波。
Reflector
反射器
Cut a square piece of blank printed circuit board, 123x123mm.
切一片123x123mm大小的空白印刷电路板。
Note that Trevor Marshall recommends a size of 123x123mm if using the biquad as a stand-alone antenna, while 110x110 is optimal if using it as a feed for a large dish.
He also recommends attaching some lips to two sides of the reflector, to reduce radiation from the rear lobes.
这里注明Trevor Marshall网站推荐使用尺寸为123x123mm方块，作为独立的天线，然而我认为如果要用作一个大盘，110x110却是最佳尺寸。
同时为了减少背面突出部分的反射，他也推荐反射器的两边某些部分需要连接到。
Use some steel wool to remove any tarnish and polish it up. Cleaning the copper in this way will make it easier to solder.
把steel wool（不晓得什么东西）磨毛，再把它磨光，用这样的方法处理铜片，从而会变得容易焊接。
blank printed circuit board
空白印刷电路板
Cut a 50mm section of copper pipe, and file both ends smooth. Using some sandpaper and/or some files, polish up the copper pipe (including the inside of the copper pipe, to ensure a good connection with the coax braid).
切割一段50MM的铜管，并且把两头都磨平。用沙纸和，或锉刀，将铜管磨光（也包括铜管的内部，以保证与coar braid有一个很好的接触）。
the dimensions of the copper pipe
铜管尺寸
Cut a notch into one end of the copper pipe, removing approx 2mm from half the circumference.
在铜管的一头切开一个口子，那头周边切去大约2MM。
a short secion of copper pipe, notched at one end
一小根铜管，一头有凹口
Drill a hole in the centre of the blank PCB so that the copper pipe is a tight fit in the hole. I found a reamer to be very useful for enlarging the hole to the correct size.
在空白电路板的中间钻一个小孔，使得铜管正好紧紧地固定在中间。我发现图中的钻孔器在规整尺寸的时候非常好用。
making a hole in the centre
在中间钻个小孔
Insert the copper pipe into the hole, with the notched end on the copper side of the blank PCB. The copper pipe should be protruding approx 16mm through the hole, measured on the copper side of the PCB.
把铜管插进小孔中，有凹口的那一面应该向着空白电路板的铜的那一面。铜管在孔口突出大约16MM，这是指从电路板铜的那一面量。
insert the copper pipe into the reflector
把铜管插入反射器
Solder the copper pipe to the PCB, to ensure a good physical and electrical connection.
把铜管焊接到空白电路板上，检查一下是否固定，以及是否通电。
solder the copper pipe to the PCB
把铜管焊接到空白电路板
Quite a bit of heat is needed, due to the thickness of the copper pipe, and an electrical soldering iron probably won't be able to deliver sufficent heat. I found a small gas torch works quite well.
因为铜管有一定的百度，所以有可能锡焊的温度不够，它对温度的要求是比较高的。我觉得那种气电枪比较好用。
Making the Element
制造元件
The element is made from a length of copper wire, bent into the appropriate shape.
元件是用一段铜线接成的，把铜线弯成适当的形状。
Note that the length of each "side" should be as close to 30.5mm as possible (measured from the centre of the copper wire to the centre of the copper wire), which is a quarter of a wavelength at 2.4GHz
注意每一边的长度要尽可能地接近30。5MM（从铜线的中心量到铜线的中心（不知啥意思）），那正好是2.4GHZ的四分之一波长。
the shape and dimensions of the element
元件的尺寸和形状
I had some offcuts of electrical power cable lying around, and found that 2.5mm2 power cable had a diameter of approx 1.6mm - a little bigger than the 1.2mm that Trevor Marshall specifies, but didn't think it would make a significant difference to the performance of the biquad.
因为我找到了一些电缆线的剩料，我发现2,5平方MM功率的线直径大约为1,6MM,----这比TREVOR Marshall指定的稍微大了一点，但我觉得在实际应用当中可能影响并不大。
recycling power cable offcuts
电缆线的废物利用
Remove the insulation, measure and cut a 244mm length the copper wire, and straighten it as best as you can.
拆掉绝缘部分，量一下，并且切下244MM长的电线，并尽可能地把它拉得很直。
straighten the wire
把电线拉直
Measure the mid-point of the wire, and make a 90 degree bend. The bend should be quite sharp and pronounced.
量出电线的中间点，将它弯成90度角，弯曲的角要弄得尖一点。
90 degree bend
90度的弯头
Measure the midpoints of each half, and make two more 90 degree bends in the wire, so that it looks like that shown in the photo below.
再量出每一半的中间点，再把电线弯成90度的弯，使之看上去象下图所示。
another two bends
另外的两个弯
Once again, measure the midpoints of each section, and make some more 90 degree bends, resulting in what is shown below.
接着，再量出每一部分的中间点，再作几个90度转弯，使之看上去象下图所示。
bend it some more...
再使劲地弯。。。。。。
Do the same to the other side, resulting in the biquad shape.
把另外一边也象上述的做一遍，使它变成四方形。
make it symetrical...
使之变得很对称。。。。。
Clean up all your bends, and ensure each side of the element is as straight as possible, and as close to 30.5mm as possible.
清理一下弯头，使每一边都尽量尽量地非常非常地直，而且尽量尽量地接近30.5MM。
Note that you may need to trim a small amount off each end of the wire to achieve this.
提醒一下，要弄成这种形状，你在电线的每一头可能要清除掉一点点（老外真是笨得不可理喻，我狂晕中。。。）
Assembly
装配
The element must now be attached to the reflector. Note that only the two "ends" of the copper wire are to be attached to the copper pipe - the centre of the copper wire must not touch the copper pipe (hence the notch which was cut into the end of the copper pipe.
现在我们要把元件接到反射器上去。注意只有铜线的两“端”可以接上铜管――――铜线的中心切不可碰到铜管（这就是上面我们为什么要做成一个凹口。（翻到这儿我已经迷糊了，你自己研究。））
The copper wire element should be approximately 15mm away from the reflector. Testing antenna performance while varying the spacing between the copper wire element and the rear reflector indicates that a spacing of approx 15mm provides the lowest SWR (test results available here).
铜线做的元件要离开反射器大约 1.5mm，
the element soldered onto the copper pipe
把元件焊接到铜管上
Strip approx 30mm of the outer sheath from the end of the coax.
strip the outer sheath
Fold the braid back over the outer sheath, and trim the centre conductor, so that about 4mm is protruding.
fold the braid back, trim the centre conductor
Insert the braid into the copper pipe, so that the end of the centre conductor lines up with the extreme end of the copper pipe, and solder the centre of the element to it, ensuring the centre of the element is not in contact with the copper pipe. Refer to some of the additional photos below for details.
solder the centre conductor to the element
another view
Note that the feed between the rear reflector and the biquad element needs to be shielded. Using coax to feed the biquad element directly, and positioning the coax inside the copper tube achieves this.
Use of bare conductors as a feed between the reflector and biquad element results in a radiating feed (such as this one), which will have a detrimental effect on the biquad's performance.
I used a coax crimper to crimp the end of the copper pipe onto the coax. This ensures that the coax would not move inside the copper pipe.
the copper pipe crimped onto the coax
the completed biquad
Now terminate the other end of the coax with an N connector.
If desired, you can add spacers at each end of the element, to ensure the element doesn't move in relation to the reflector. Refer to my double biquad page for more details on making spacers to support the element.
If you intend to mount the biquad outside, I'd recommend you place it into a weather-proof enclosure, to prevent corrosion, and to prevent water ingress into the coax.
Numerous people have used small tuppaware containers successfully.
This can be achieved by drilling a hole in one side of the container, and pass the coax tail through the hole, leaving the biquad itself inside the container. Seal up the hole for the coax with some silicone, and your biquad should be protected against the elements.
another view of the completed biquad
Testing
Some very rough initial testing using the biquad as a feed on a 24dBi Conifer dish looks very promising, with the signal strength being at least as as good as my home made Conifer dipole (I was holding the biquad at approximately the focal point of the dish, and hadn't even removed the Conifer dipole).
I also managed to get a marginal link to a 180 degree waveguide on an access point 10km away, using only the biquad by itself, connected to a 30mW RoamAbout wireless card.
Some more detailed testing with multiple antennas, including the biquad shown above, indicates the biquad has a gain of approx 11-12dBi.
A friend has access to some antenna test equipment, and performed some tests on the biquad featured on this page.
The azimuth plot (ie, radiation pattern) of the biquad is shown below, and shows a 3dB beamwidth of about 50 degrees.
azimuth plot of the biquad
Variations
A number of people have suggested the spacing between the element and the rear reflector should be a 1/4 wavelength (ie, 30.5mm) instead of 15mm. However, test results (such as these) indicate the SWR of the biquad is minimised when the spacing is about 15-17mm. Increasing the spacing to 30.5mm increases the SWR significantly, thus reducing the efficiency of the biquad.
For a higher-gain variation of the biquad that's virtually just as easy to build, have a look at the double biquad.
Usage
When using a biquad to establish a link to another wireless device, you should ensure the polarisation of the biquad is the same as the antenna you are connecting to. Similarily, if establishing a link with two biquads, ensure they are both oriented for the same polarisation.
Failing to match the polarisation will result in significant signal loss.
vertically polarised
|
|
horizontally polarised
|
Changing the polarisation is just a matter of rotating the entire biquad antenna by 90 degrees.
The biquad antenna is not particularly directional, but has a fairly wide beamwidth.
The 3dB beamwidth for a biquad (without side lips) is typically about 40-50 degrees, thus making it ideal for any applications where you want fairly wide coverage.
The relatively wide beamwidth also makes a biquad very suitable for war-driving and stumbling, allowing you to pick up signals without having to align the antenna directly with the signal source.
While a directional antenna, such as a Conifer dish (3dB beamwidth of a 24dBi Conifer dish is approx 7 degrees), is better suited for point-to-point links, the narrow beamwidth of a Conifer dish requires more precision when aligning the antennas (the narrower the beamwidth, the less susceptible it will be to interferance from other sources). An antenna with a wider beamwidth, such as a biquad, doesn't require the same precision for alignment, thus making it easier to get a link working.
References
Trevor Marshall's BiQuad 802.11b Antenna
Simple Double-Quad Antenna
Reseau Citoyen: BiQuad
Lincomatic's Homebrew WiFi Antennae
著名的蓝雨衣 Famous Blue Raincoat
听过这首著名的蓝雨衣，Leonard Cohen 就立刻变成了一个謎。凌晨四点的纽约街头，十二月末的寒冬，克林顿街响彻寒宵的音乐声，忧郁的吉他，一封令人心碎的信。
2002年的五月，我踏着满地凋零的蔷薇，戴着随身听，让这首歌反反复复地对我耳语。我仿佛能看到Cohen坐在舞台的角落，淡灰色的男人，半张阴影笼罩的脸，在单调的吉他声里读着他的信。就象他写的另一首诗，美丽的失败者。孤独而执着，善良而固执。
很久很久我一直徘徊在这首歌里。音乐并不是很动听，但没有比它更令人心碎的歌了。爱与恨的交织，失落与悔恨的穿错，一切的美丽都出自于不完美......
怎么都想不到Cohen会把他已经原谅的，曾经的仇人写得那样完美。披着肩头撕破一角的蓝雨衣，著名的蓝雨衣（至今还想不通为何著名），去车站等那每一班到站的列车，而又独自一人回来。披着蓝雨衣的男人，嘴角咬着一枝玫瑰，瘦得犹如吉普赛的浪子。披着蓝雨衣的男人，如果你再回来，你的敌人已经睡着了，你的女人已经自由了......
十二月末 凌晨四点的寒冬
提笔给你写信 只想知道你过得可好
纽约的冬天无比寒冷 但我仍选择生活在这里
倘佯耳边是克林顿街响彻寒宵的音乐声
听说 你在沙漠的深处建筑着你逃避的小屋
你已经不为谁而活 不为什么而活
但我仍希望你别遗忘一切
是的 Jane回来了，带着你的一缕头发
她说这是你永别的礼物 就在那晚
你准备一走了之的那晚
可你真的能一了百了吗
唉 最后一次见到你 竟比以前苍老许多
你那件著名的蓝雨衣 在肩头撕破了一角
你去车站，等那每一趟到站的列车
可终于没有等到你的丽丽马莲
回来时影只形单
于是你把我的女人 当做你生命中的一朵烟花
而她回来时 她已经不会再是任何人的妻子
啊！我好象又看到了你
你的嘴角衔着一枝玫瑰
好一个吉普赛的浪子
我看见Jane苏醒了－－
她赠上对你的关切
你让我和你说什么呢？我的兄弟？我的情敌？
你让我如何表达？
我想也许我很想你，我想也许我已原谅你
我很高兴你曾经出现在我的生命中
如果你还会再来 为了Jane，或者为了我
你的敌人已经睡着了 他的女人已经自由了
是的！谢谢你带走了她眼里的忧郁
我以为这是与生俱来 所以从来没有尝试
Jane回来了，带着你的一缕头发
她说这是你永别的礼物 就在那晚
你准备一走了之的那晚
可你真的能一了百了吗？
您真诚的朋友
L. Cohen
Lyrics:
Famous Blue Raincoat
It's four in the morning, the end of December
I'm writing you now just to see if you're better
New York is cold, but I like where I'm living
There's music on Clinton Street all through the evening.
I hear that you're building your little house deep in the desert
You're living for nothing now, I hope you're keeping some kind of record.
Yes, and Jane came by with a lock of your hair
She said that you gave it to her
That night that you planned to go clear
Did you ever go clear?
Ah, the last time we saw you you looked so much older
Your famous blue raincoat was torn at the shoulder
You'd been to the station to meet every train
And you came home without Lili Marlene
And you treated my woman to a flake of your life
And when she came back she was nobody's wife.
Well I see you there with the rose in your teeth
One more thin gypsy thief
Well I see Jane's awake --
She sends her regards.
And what can I tell you my brother, my killer
What can I possibly say?
I guess that I miss you, I guess I forgive you
I'm glad you stood in my way.
If you ever come by here, for Jane or for me
Your enemy is sleeping, and his woman is free.
Yes, and thanks, for the trouble you took from her eyes
I thought it was there for good so I never tried.
And Jane came by with a lock of your hair
She said that you gave it to her
That night that you planned to go clear
Sincerely, L. Cohen