■策略三、合理推理判断
推理判断题在高考中占很大的比重，学生在此类题型中也失分最多。推理判断题要求考生考虑文中信息并在通篇理解文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意，弦外之音做出合理的推理和判断。
一、理解定义。判断是对已知的事实仔细评价之后做出的合理决定。推理是对事实的内涵所做的陈述或以事实为依据对未知所做的陈述。注意无论是判断还是推理都是以已知事实为依据。
二、推理题常见的提问形式。常以infer，
imply，indicate，suggest，conclude，learn，in-
tend，mean，describe，purpose等词提问。
或含有表推测的情态动词，如can，could，might，would等和其他表示可能性的动词，如probably，mostlikely等。
三、具体策略
1.通过辨认细节的技巧，找到相关的事实或证据，对这些事实或证据进行分析和评价，在此基础上再作决定。切记：推断是以文章提供的事实为依据，而不是凭空想象，更不是读者自己的意愿。
2.借助常识。在推理判断题中，我们平时积累的一些常识通常会派上用场。2006年陕西高考英语试卷中一篇关于通信发展史的阅读最为典型。A.Thepostalservicehasovertheyearsbecome
faster.B.Thepostalservicehasovertheyearsbecomeslower.大家都应知道交通越来越发达，邮电业当然是faster.此篇还涉及到有关发邮件的常识，如果同学们有这个commonsense，就如鱼得水了。
3.务必要用排除法。排除法在此类题型中发挥着不可磨灭的作用。根据在文章中找到的事实依据和常识排除错误信息，再排除和文章中一词不差的信息(文章里的原句不会是推理判断出来的结果，但通过同义词或句型转换过的选项有可能是正确答案)，最后再排除无关或偏离信息，正确答案就不言而喻了。
4.词句段篇，相互交融。词的理解要放在句子里，句子的理解要靠段，段的理解也离不开篇。单独说floor谁都知道是什么意思，但…shewasflooredtoseeherownnameandaddressinsidethecover，inherownhandwriting…这个语境里是surprised的意思。因此不能独立地看某个词或某句话。此外，学生对一词多义或一些习语的积累也是很有必要的，这就要靠同学们课下多下工夫了。
5.平时扩大词汇量的同时也要注意学习词的深刻内涵。从措辞去寻找文章的感情色彩，猜测作者的态度或写作意图。现仅举一简单的例子。Whenthephonefinallyrang，heleapedfromtheedgeofhischairandgrabbedforit.从这几个词我们能形象地看出他等电话之久，紧张迫不及待的心情，同时也说明电话之重要，这正是作者的真正意图。
例Heisanoldcobbler(修鞋匠)withashopintheMarais，ahistoricareainParis.WhenItookhimmyshoes，heat
firsttoldme：“Ihavenotime.Takethem
totheotherfellowonthemainstreet;he'll
fixthemrightaway.”
ButI'dhadmyeyeonhisshopforalongtime.Justlookingathisbench
loadedwithtollsandpiecesofleather，Iknewhewasaskilledcraftsman(手艺人).“No，”Ireplied，“theotherfellowcan'tdo
itwel.”
“Theotherfellow”wasoneofthose
shopkeeperswhofixshoesandmakekeys“while-u-wait”-withoutknowingmuchaboutmendingshoesormakingkeys.Theyworkcarelessly，andwhentheyhavefin-ishedsewingbackasandalstrap(鞋带)you
mightaswelljustthrowawaythepair.
MymansawIwouldn'tgivein，andhesmiled.Hewipedhishandsonhisblueapron(围裙)，lookedatmyshoes，hadmewritemynameononeshoewithapieceofchalkandsaid，“Comebackinaweek.”Iwasabouttoleavewhenhetookapairofsoftleatherbootsoffashelf.
“SeewhatIcando？”hesaidwithapride.“OnlythreeofusinPariscando
thiskindofwork.”
WhenIgotbackoutintothestreet，
theworldseemedbrand-newtome.Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegend(传说)，thisoldcraftsmanwithhiswayofspeak-
ingfamiliarly，hisverystrange，dustyfelthat，hisfunnyaccentfromwho-knows-whereand，aboveal，hisprideinhiscraft.
Thesearetimeswhennothingisim-portantbutthebottomline，whenyoucandothingsanyoldwayaslongasit“pays”，when，inshort，peoplelookonworkasapathtoever-increasingconsumption(消费)ratherthanawaytorealizetheirownabili-ties.Insuchaperioditisararecomforttofindacobblerwhogetshisgreatestsatisfac-tionfrom
prideinajobweldone.
1.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheoldcobbler？
A.Hewasequippedwiththebestrepairing
tools.B.Hewastheonlycobblerinthe
Marais.C.Hewasproudofhisskils.D.HewasanativeParisian.
2.Thesentence“hewassomethingoutofanancientlegend.”impliedthat___
A.nowadaysyoucanhardlyfindanyone
likehimB.itwasdifficulttocommunicatewiththismanC.themanwasvery
strangeD.themanwastooold
解析：1.C文中多处提到关于自豪的字眼acobblerwhogetshisgreatest
satisfactionfromprideinajobwelldone.Andhesaidwithapride.这正是C项的涵义。A，D是无关信息文中没有提及排除B是错误选项。依据：Theotherfellow还有OnlythreeofusinPariscando…
2.A说他像古代传奇中的人物。言行，打扮尤其对自己手艺的自豪，现代社会罕见。Insuchaperioditisarare
comforttofindacobblerwhogetshisgreatestsatisfactionfromprideinajobwelldone.B，D在文章中没有任何依据，排除。C项的strange很有迷惑性但文中说到的是strangehatnottheman.
■【试试看吧】
Allthroughmyboyhoodandyouth，Iwasknownasanidler;andyetIwasalwaysbusyonmyownprivateend，whichwastolearntowrite.Ikeptalwaystwobooksinmypocket，onetoread，onetowritein.AsIwalked，mymindwasbusyfittingwhatIsawwithappropriate
words;whenIsatbytheroadside，Iwouldeitherread，orapencilandanote-bookwouldbeinmyhand，tonotedownthefeaturesofthesceneorwritesomepoorlinesofverse.ThusIlivedwithwords.
AndwhatIthuswrotewasfornofutureuse;itwaswrittenconsciouslyforpractice.ItwasnotmuchthatIwishedtobeanauthor(thoughIwishedthat，too)asthatI
hadvowedthatIwouldlearntowrite.Thatwasaproficiencythattemptedme;andIpractisedtoacquireit.Descriptionwastheprincipalfieldofmyexercise;fortoanyonewithsensesthereisalwayssome-thingworthdescribingandtownandcountryarebutonecontinuoussubject.But
Iworkedinotherwaysalso;Ioftenaccom-paniedmywalkswithdramaticdialogues，inwhichIplayedmanyparts;andoftenexercisedmyselfinwritingdownconversationsfrommemory.
Thiswasallexcellent，nodoubt.Andyetthiswasnotthemostefficientpartofmytraining.Goodasitwas，itonlytaughtmethechoiceoftheessentialnoteandtherightword.Andregardedastraining，ithad
onegravedefect;foritsetmenostandardofachievement.Sotherewasperhapsmoreprofit，astherewascertainlymoreeffort，in
mysecretlaboursathome.WheneverI
readabookorapassagethatparticularlypleasedme，inwhichathingwassaidoraneffectrenderedwithpropriety，inwhichtherewaseithersomeconspicuousforceorsomehappydistinction(巧妙特色)inthestyle，Imustsitdownatonceandsetmy-selftoapethatquality.IwasunsuccessfulandIknew
it;andtriedagain，andwasagainunsuccessfulandalwaysunsuccessful;butatleastinthesevainboutsIgotsomeprac-ticeinrhythm，inharmony，inconstructionandthecoordinationofparts.Ihavethus
playedthesedulousapetoHzlitte，toLamb，toWordsworth，toDefoe，to
Hawthorne.That，likeitornot，istheway
tolearntowrite;whetherIhaveprofitedornot，thatistheway.Itwasso，ifwecouldtraceitout，thatallmenhavelearned.
1.Inthispassage______.
A.anexperttellsabouthowwritersbecome
successful
B.awritertellsaboutthetechniquesofwriting
C.astudenttellsabouthowhelearnedtowrite
D.awritertellsabouthisexperienceof
learningtowrite
2.Fromthispassagewecaninferthat____.A.itisagoodhabitforeveryonetotakebooksinhispocketwhileidlinginthestreet.
B.practiceandimitationareimportantin
learningtowrite
C.onehadbetterstarttolearntowrite
fromone'syoungerdays
D.failureisthemotherofsuccess
参考答案DB